ISSN 1726-846X
eISSN 3034-1728
Received: 07/26/2024
Accepted: 11/14/2024
Accepted date: 12/03/2024
Keywords: adolescents, psychological well-being, prosocial behaviour, type of socialization, problems and difficulties
Available in the on-line version with: 03.12.2024
Volkova, E.N. Types of Socialization and Adolescents’ Issues. // Kazan Pedagogical Journal . 2024. N 1-2. p.9-29
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CopyBackground. Psychological well-being can be considered as one of the criteria of socialization in modern adolescents. Prosocial behaviour as the assimilation of socially significant social roles, norms, cultural and historical traditions, and psychological well-being as the mechanism for social norms interiorization set four possible types of socialization: positive, deviant, traumatic and negative. Each of the four types can be characterized by different adolescents’ problems and difficulties.
Objective. The aim of the research was to describe the types of socialization of modern adolescents through the empirical assessment of their psychological well-being and prosocial behaviour, as well as to analyze the adolescents’ difficulties and problems experienced by the representatives of the different types of socialization.
Study Participants. The study involved 312 adolescents aged 13 to 16 years (M = 14.50, SD = 1.01), students of grades 7–9 of general education schools, 141 boys (45.2%) and 171 girls (54.8%).
Methods. The study included an offline survey. Psychological well-being was studied using the EPOCH questionnaire, 20-item version (Kern et al., 2016), through which adolescents assessed the involvement in different activities, persistence and perseverance, characteristics of relationships with people, optimism, and the feeling of happiness. The Success and Difficulty Questionnaire for children aged 11–17 (SDQ) (Goodman, 1997) was used to assess the level of prosocial behaviour expression, as well as the problems and difficulties of adolescents.
Results. Multivariate analyses of SDQ scales revealed significant effects of the association between adolescents’ socialization type and the interaction between socialization type and gender for the groups of problems experienced by adolescents. Sex characteristics determined differences in the expressedeness of emotional problems and hyperactivity. The interaction of gender and socialization type is sensitive to hyperactivity problems. The characteristic of age did not reach significant effect sizes. Adolescents with deviant type of socialization (both boys and girls) had the fewest problems and adolescents with traumatic socialization had the highest number of problems (characteristically more girls). Adolescents with positive socialization, both boys and girls, are characterized by problems with peer relations and hyperactivity. Adolescents with negative socialization (mainly boys) have a low level of activity and interrelationships, are detached from social life and contacts, and are characterized by social anomie.
Conclusions. The type of socialization of adolescents can be defined as the ratio of prosocial behaviour and psychological well-being. The adolescents’ problems are connected with the type of socialization and, probably, are a consequence of discordance of individual and social values, with the psychological well-being acting as a mechanism of interiorization for social behaviour.
